The TCR Vα2 protein （T Cell Receptor Vα2） is a variable region （V region） subtype of the T cell receptor （TCR） α chain and belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. TCR is a key molecule on the surface of T cells that specifically recognizes antigens, composed of an α chain and a β chain （or γ chain and δ chain）, with Vα2 being a specific type of variable region in the α chain. The Vα2 region directly participates in antigen recognition by binding to antigen peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex （MHC） molecules, initiating T cell immune responses. The diversity of TCR Vα2 is generated through V-J gene rearrangement, a mechanism that enables T cells to recognize a wide range of antigens, thereby contributing to the diversity of adaptive immunity. TCR Vα2 plays a significant role in autoimmune diseases, infectious immunity, and tumor immunity, and its abnormal expression or function may be associated with immune dysregulation. Studying TCR Vα2 helps to elucidate the mechanisms of T cell-mediated immune responses and provides a theoretical foundation for developing T cell-based immunotherapies.